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Authors
Dicken, Samuel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-1715
Brown, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1818-6192
Batterham, Rachel L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-8585
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Rosetrees Trust
Innovate UK
British Dietetic Association
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Competing interests
: S.J.D. receives royalties from Amazon for a self-published book that mentions UPF, payments from Red Pen Reviews as a contributor, consultancy work for Consensus, Mindhouse Morgan & Morgan and Androlabs, and travel fees from a USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant, (AFRI project 1033399) for a workshop on food processing classifications. R.L.B. reports honoraria from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Medscape, ViiV Healthcare and International Medical Press and advisory board and consultancy work for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Gila Therapeutics, Epitomee Medical and ViiV Healthcare and from May 2023 is an employee and shareholder of Eli Lilly. A.B. declares researcher-led grants from Novo Nordisk and honoraria from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Office of Health Improvement and Disparity, Johnson and Johnson and Obesity UK outside the submitted work and is on the Medical Advisory Board and shareholder of Reset Health Clinics.
