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Authors
Landon, Blair V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5235-7410
Annapragada, Akshaya V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-6511
Niknafs, Noushin
Velculescu, Victor E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-438X
Anagnostou, Valsamo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-3047
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (CA190755)
U.S. Department of Defense (HT9425-25-1-0603)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U01FD005942-FDA)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (CA121113)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (CA006973)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (UG1CA233259)
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Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Competing interests
: A.V.A. is an inventor on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cfDNA analyses that have been licensed to Delfi Diagnostics. V.E.V. is a founder of Delfi Diagnostics, serves on the board of directors for this organization and owns Delfi Diagnostics stock, which is subject to certain restrictions under university policy. In addition, Johns Hopkins University owns equity in Delfi Diagnostics. V.E.V. divested his equity in Personal Genome Diagnostics (PGDx) to LabCorp in February 2022. V.E.V. is an inventor on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cancer genomic and cfDNA analyses that have been licensed to one or more entities, including Delfi Diagnostics, LabCorp, Qiagen, Sysmex, Agios, Genzyme, Esoterix, Ventana and ManaT Bio. V.E.V. is an advisor to Viron Therapeutics and Epitope. Under the terms of these license agreements, the university and inventors are entitled to fees and royalty distributions. These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. V.A. receives research funding to Johns Hopkins University from AstraZeneca and Labcorp/Personal Genome Diagnostics, has received research funding to Johns Hopkins University from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Delfi Diagnostics in the past 5 years, is an advisory board member for AstraZeneca and Neogenomics (compensated), and receives honoraria from Foundation Medicine, Guardant Health, Roche, ThermoFisher and Labcorp/Personal Genome Diagnostics; these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. V.A. is an inventor on patent applications (nos. 63/276525, 17/779936, 16/312152, 16/341862, 17/047006 and 17/598690) submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cancer genomic analyses, ctDNA therapeutic response monitoring and immunogenomic features of response to immunotherapy that have been licensed to one or more entities. Under the terms of these license agreements, the university and inventors are entitled to fees and royalty distributions. The other authors declare no competing interests.
