Li, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-8638
Hu, Jie
Yun, Huan
Mei, Zhendong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6235-8647
Wang, Xingyan
Luo, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-3699
Guasch-Ferré, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-1404
Han, Xikun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3823-7308
Truong, Buu
Merino, Jordi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-1438
Jia, Chengyong
Ruiz-Canela, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-2787
Rebholz, Casey M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-8745
Moon, Eun Hye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8215-7487
Alkis, Taryn
Liu, Guning
Yao, Jie
Zhang, Xiyuan
Porneala, Bianca C.
Salas-Salvadó, Jordi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-7459
Wang, Thomas J.
Dupuis, Josée https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-3603
Selvin, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-2070
Guo, Xiuqing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-5068
Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N.
Brody, Jennifer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-148X
Liu, Yongmei
Wood, Alexis C.
North, Kari E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-0366
Jung, Su Yon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-1830
Liu, Ching-Ti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0742
Sotoodehnia, Nona
Liu, Simin
Tinker, Lesley F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-1929
Eliassen, A. Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-6609
Manson, JoAnn E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-7595
Florez, Jose C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-9325
Gerszten, Robert E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6767-7687
Clish, Clary B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-9245
Liang, Liming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-3174
Lemaitre, Rozenn N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-1844
Tucker, Katherine L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-662X
Rich, Stephen S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-7793
Rotter, Jerome I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-1723
Martínez-González, Miguel Angel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-9808
Rexrode, Kathryn M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-8429
Meigs, James B.
Boerwinkle, Eric
Kaplan, Robert C.
Hu, Frank B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-6274
Yu, Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-1077
Qi, Qibin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2687-1758
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R00DK122128)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK140761)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK081572)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK140761)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK134672)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK119268; R01DK126698; U01DK140761; R01DK120870)
American Heart Association (23POST1020455)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF24OC0095435)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL153178)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K24HL152440)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL136266)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL060712)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL060712; R01HL170904)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG085320)
Article History
Received: 27 September 2024
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Competing interests
: S.S.R. is a consultant to Westat, the Administrative Coordinating Center for the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. The other authors declare no competing interests.