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Authors
Shi, Jian
Leung, Candi M. C.
Chen, Roujia
Xiao, Xiao
Flores, Francis P.
Ning, Ke
Ma, Tiffany S. W.
Wong, Solomon B. K.
Wong, Corine S. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-1004
Kim, Yoona https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-8516
Kawachi, Ichiro
Leung, Gabriel M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-6283
Ni, Michael Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-5858
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Competing interests
: The establishment of the original cohort was supported by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust from 2007 to 2014. The research was supported by Research Grants Council (Projects HKU 17609818, HKU 17609923), Health Bureau (Projects COVID19F04, COVID19F11) and the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. All grants from the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were provided for the real-time monitoring of psychobehavioral responses to the pandemic in Hong Kong and supported data collection for this study during the COVID-19 pandemic. The funders, including the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, had no role in any aspects of the submitted work, including the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. C.S.M.W. reports a research grant from the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, outside of the submitted work. G.M.L. was formerly the Under Secretary for Food and Health from 2008 to 2011, and Director of the Office of the Chief Executive, the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, from 2011 to 2012. He also served in unpaid roles on various commissions and committees of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, including his service as a nonofficial member of the Youth Development Commission, a member of the COVID-19 Expert Advisory Panel and a nonofficial member of the Steering Committee on Primary Healthcare Development. All declared roles of G.M.L. are outside of the submitted work. M.Y.N. declares research grants from the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the real-time monitoring of psychobehavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, as well as for other studies unrelated to the submitted work. The other authors declare no competing interests.
