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Authors
Duttagupta, Sreya https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8219-3737
Messaoudene, Meriem
Hunter, Sebastian
Desilets, Antoine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-7597
Jamal, Rahima
Mihalcioiu, Catalin
Belkaid, Wiam
Marcoux, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-6716
Fidelle, Marine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5589-9688
Suissa, Deborah
Ponce, Mayra
Geiger, Mallia
Malo, Julie
Piccinno, Gianmarco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-1817
Punčochář, Michal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-9391
Filin, Alysé
Heidrich, Vitor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-9187
Rusu, Diana
Mbaye, Babacar
Durand, Sylvere
Ben Aissa, Imen
Puller, Vadim
de Lahondès, Raynald https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2862-9589
Blais, Normand
Tehfe, Mustapha
Owen, Scott https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-0555
Bélanger, Karl
Parvathy, Seema Nair https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-000X
Shieh, Benjamin
Raphael, Jacques
Lenehan, John
Breadner, Daniel
Rothenstein, Jeffrey
Rozza, Nicholas
Maillou, Jade https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2475-9931
Nili, Somayeh
Prifti, Diogjena Katerina
Pinto, Federica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-4811
Armanini, Federica
Kim-Schulze, Seunghee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-4400
Marron, Thomas U. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-8191
Kroemer, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4405
Derosa, Lisa
Zitvogel, Laurence https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-0998
Silverman, Michael
Segata, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-5794
Vareki, Saman Maleki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-7779
Routy, Bertrand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-9149
Elkrief, Arielle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-1535
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
AstraZeneca Canada
Exelixis
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
Davolterra, Kanvas Bioscience
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Competing interests
: A.D. received research funding from AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Regeneron and Fondation Saputo; advisory board and consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, EMD Serono, Merck and Johnson & Johnson/Janssen; and speaker honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca. A.E. declares grant support from Kanvas Biosciences, GMT Science, AstraZeneca, Merck and Bristol Myers Squibb. A.E. declares honoraria from AstraZeneca, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb and EMD Soreno. A.E. declares consulting fees from EverImmune, NECBio and Sanofi-Pasteur. A.E. is inventor on patent 4872-8531-1934.1 regarding the microbiome and immunotherapy response. B.R. declares research funding from Davolterra and Kanvas Biosciences and consulting fees from Merck, AstraZeneca, EverImmune and Bristol Myers Squibb. B.R. is also a co-founder of Curebiota. S.M.V. reports a grant from Microviable Therapeutics outside the submitted work as well as consulting fees from Kanvas Biosciences and FedBio. S.M.V. is a co-founder of LND Therapeutics, Inc., which holds the rights to LND101. S.M.V. reports US Patent Application No. 63/913,940 related to FMT donor screening. M.S. is a co-founder of LND Therapeutics, Inc., which holds the rights to LND101. M.S. reports US Patent Application No. 63/913,940 related to FMT donor screening. S.P. is a co-founder of LND Therapeutics, Inc., which holds the rights to LND101. G.K. has been holding research contracts with Daiichi-Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Sutro, Tollys and Vascage. G.K. is on the Board of Directors of Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France. G.K. is a scientific co-founder of EverImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics and Therafast Bio. G.K. is on the scientific advisory boards of Hevolution, Institut Servier and Rejuveron Life Sciences/Centenara Labs AG. G.K. is the inventor of patents covering therapeutic targeting of aging, cancer, cystic fibrosis and metabolic disorders. Among these patents, one, ‘Methods for weight reduction’ (US11905330B1), is relevant to this study. A close family member of G.K. was an employee of Sanofi and now consults for Boehringer Ingelheim. J.R. reports participating in advisory boards for Merck, AstraZeneca, Lilly and Novartis. S.O. reports honoraria/consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Merck, Pfizer and Roche. The other authors declare no competing interests.
