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Authors
Li, Sidong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-8920
Hamaya, Rikuta
Zhu, Haidong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-0464
Chen, Brian H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-3301
Pereira, Alexandre C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-5540
Ivey, Kerry L.
Rist, Pamela M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-045X
Manson, JoAnn E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-7595
Dong, Yanbin
Sesso, Howard D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9954
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Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Competing interests
: J.E.M. and H.D.S. received investigator-initiated grants from Mars Edge, a segment of Mars Incorporated dedicated to nutrition research and products, for infrastructure support and donation of COSMOS study pills and packaging, and Pfizer Consumer Healthcare (now Haleon) for donation of COSMOS study pills and packaging during the conduct of the study. H.D.S. additionally received investigator-initiated grants from FOXO Technologies, Massachusetts Life Sciences Center, Pure Encapsulations, American Pistachio Growers and Haleon, and honoraria and/or travel for lectures from the Council for Responsible Nutrition, BASF, Haleon and NIH during the conduct of the study. P.M.R. has received in-kind support (specifically donations of study pills and packaging) from Mars Edge to be used in an NIH-funded, investigator-initiated trial (U01 ). B.H.C. was formerly an employee of FOXO Technologies, who provided in-kind donations to generate and preprocess the DNA methylation data. S.L. received the EPI Early Career Travel Grant sponsored by the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention’s Early Career Committee, American Heart Association. The other authors declare no competing interests.
