Haanen, John B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-7704
Schumacher, Ton N. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-8804
Kagan, Jonathan C.
Fritsch, Edward F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-5665
Wu, Catherine J.
Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Change Date: 26 March 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04361-2
Competing interests
: J.B.H. is an advisor to AstraZeneca, BioNTech, BMS, Immatics, Iovance, Ipsen, Molecular Partners, Neogene Therapeutics, Novartis, Sastrā, T-Knife, Third Rock Ventures and Tzu; is a recipient of research grant support from Asher Bio, BioNTech, BMS and Sastrā; and is a stock option holder of Sastrā. T.N.M.S. is an advisor to Allogene Therapeutics, Asher Biotech, AstraZeneca, Merus, JNJ and Scenic Biotech; is stockholder of Allogene Therapeutics, Asher Biotech, Cell Control, Celsius, Merus, Polar Therapeutics and Scenic Biotech; and is a venture partner at Third Rock Ventures, all outside of the submitted work. J.C.K. receives compensation from and holds equity in Corner Therapeutics, Larkspur Biosciences, MindImmune Therapeutics and Neumora Therapeutics. None of these relationships impacted this study. E.F.F. is an equity holder in and consultant for BioNTech; an equity holder and scientific advisory board member of BioEntre; and a founder and equity holder of Dionis Therapeutics. C.J.W. is an equity holder of BioNtech; receives research funding from Pharmacyclics; and is a scientific advisory board member of Repertoire, Aethon Therapeutics, Nature’s Toolbox and Adventris.