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Article History

First Online: 9 March 2026

Competing interests

: D.D. has been a member of the data and safety monitoring board, the independent data monitoring committee or the study steering committee for: Immunocore, Immatics and Replimmune; a member of the scientific advisory board (no stock) for Xilio Therapeutics; and a consultant with compensation from ACM Bio, Ascendis, Castle, Clinical Care Options, Gerson Lehrman Group, Immunitas, Medical Learning Group, Regeneron, Replimmune, Trisalus and Xilio Therapeutics. D.D. has received grants or research support (institutional) from: Arcus, Immunocore, Merck, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Tesaro/GSK; has received a Continuing Education (CE) speaker bureau fee from: Castle Biosciences and Regeneron; and is a stockholder in: Arcamyra, mBiomics, Pienomial and Zola. D.D. reports the following intellectual property: US patent 63/124,231, ‘Compositions and methods for treating cancer’, 11 December 2020; US patent 63/208,719, ‘Compositions and methods for responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), increasing effectiveness of ICI and treating cancer’, 9 June 2021. S.K.P. reports sponsored research support (institutional) from: Exelixis, Merck, Osel, Genentech, Crispr Therapeutics, Adicet Bio, ArsenalBio, Xencor and Miyarisan Pharmaceuticals; reports a speaker bureau fee from: MJH Life Sciences; and reports travel expenses from Crispr Therapeutics, Ipsen and Exelixis.