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First Online: 21 April 2026

Competing interests

: M.I. reports personal fees from Caris Life Sciences, Exact Sciences, Guardant Health and Chugai Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work, and reports a research collaboration with Exact Sciences. T.F. reports personal fees from Amelieff, AstraZeneca and MSD, outside the submitted work. The authors of PsiQuantum are employees of PsiQuantum Corporation. H.B. reports research funding from GlaxoSmithKline and Takeda Pharmaceutical, and personal fees from Ono Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical and Guardant Health, outside the submitted work. T.Y. reports personal fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Merck Biopharma, Ono Pharmaceutical and MSD K.K., Sumitomo Corp and Indivumed, as well as grants from Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Caris MPI, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Exact Sciences, FALCO Biosystems, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Merus N.V., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical, Molecular Health GmbH, MSD, Natera, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer Japan, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, Sysmex, Taiho Pharmaceutical and Takeda Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.