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Article History

Received: 27 June 2025

Accepted: 26 March 2026

First Online: 26 May 2026

Competing interests

: P.M. reports institutional research funding from SpringWorks Therapeutics and Mereo BioPharma; consulting role with Intellisphere (MJH Life Sciences). P.C.G. reports grants or contracts from Treeline Biosciences and Amphista Therapeutics. P.C. reports personal honoraria, advisory boards or consulting from Deciphera, Ningbo NewBay Medical Technology; institutional research funding from Pfizer/Array, Deciphera, Ningbo NewBay Medical Technology; grants from the NIH/NCI, Department of Defense, Cycle for Survival’s Equinox Innovation Award in Rare Cancers to Sarcoma Research Collector Fund, and GIST Cancer Research Fund. A.P.C. reports The National Cancer Institute has Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) that provide resources for co-development of experimental agents. M.A. reports consulting roles for AADi and Boehringer Ingelheim; speakers’ bureau role for Deciphera and institutional research funding from Exelixis. N.S. reports research funding from Bayer, Deciphera, IDRX, Cogent, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ascentage, Astrazeneca; advisor role for Deciphera and Ipsen. B.A.V.T. reports grants from Polaris; personal fees from Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., EcoR1, Advenchen, Putnam, Salarius Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boxer Capital LLC, Acuta Capital Partners, LLC, Aadi, Hinge Bio, Crisper Therapeutics, Galapagos, Sonata Therapeutics, Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Total Health Conference, Oncology Education, Beijing Biostar Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Intellisphere (MJH Life Sciences), Apexigen, Inc., Bayer US Medical Affairs Oncology, PTC Therapuetics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Agenus, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Curis, Syneos Health, Merck KGaA; nonfinancial support from Adaptimmune; a patent for Accuronix Therapeutics issued to Polaris. S.M.P. reports consulting or advisory roles with Bayer, Rain Therapeutics, Deciphera, Boehringer Ingelheim, SpringWorks, Adaptimmune, Ipsen, Daiichi Sankyo, EMD-Serono and Replimmune; paid speakers’ bureau role for Deciphera and SpringWorks; laboratory research agreement with Obsidian Therapeutics. G.T. reports advisory role with Daiichi Sankyo and Deciphera. J.T. reports consulting with Bayer, Lilly, Boerhinger Ingelheim and Aadi; research support from Daiichi, Servier, Deciphera, Merck, IDRX-42, Theseus, Foghorn and Cogent. B.A.W. reports consulting or advisory role from SpringWorks Therapeutics, Deciphera, Epizyme, Adcendo, Polaris, Boehringer Ingelheim, AADi, InhibRx; research funding from Exelixis; travel from Agenus. G.I.S. reports research funding from Merck KGaA/EMD-Serono, Tango Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck & Co., Artios, Lilly and Pfizer; advisory role for Merck KGaA/EMD-Serono, Circle Pharmaceuticals, Concarlo Therapeutics, Schrodinger, FoRx Therapeutics and Cybrexa Therapeutics; patents entitled, ‘Dosage regimen for sapacitabine and seliciclib’ and ‘Compositions and methods for predicting response and resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition’. G.D. reports being a consultant or SAB member with minor equity holding with G1 Therapeutics, Caris Life Sciences, Erasca Pharmaceuticals, RELAY Therapeutics, Bessor Pharmaceuticals, CellCarta, Ikena Oncology, Aadi Biosciences/Whitehawk Therapeutics, Acrivon Therapeutics, Blueprint Medicines, Tessellate Bio, Boundless Bio; scientific consulting role with EMD-Serono/Merck KGaA, GSK, Ipsen Pharma, Minghui Pharmaceuticals, PharmaMar, Sumitomo Pharma America and WCG/Arsenal Capital. B.B. reports financial interests in HiFiBio, Arsenal Biosciences, Chroma Medicine and Cell Signaling Technologies. S.G. reports an immediate family member having stock and other ownership interests in Abbott Laboratories and Pfizer; consulting or advisory role with Deciphera, UpToDate, Kayothera, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Bluejay; research funding from BioAtla; institutional research funding from Blueprint Medicines, Deciphera, Merck, Eisai, TRACON Pharma, Theseus Pharmaceuticals, IDRX-42, NewBay Pharma, Acrivon; patents, royalties, other intellectual property from UptoDate; reports other relationships with WCG. The other authors declare no competing interests.