Hager, Kurt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-7971
Alcusky, Matthew
Zhang, Fang Fang
Sing, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-1447
Ash, Arlene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-0253
Mick, Eric
Terranova, Jean
DiBacco, Erin
Buckler, Stephanie
Rich, Allison https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0394-6698
Bowman, Jessica
Folta, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-5622
Prendergast, Kim
Frank, Jasper
Ball, Cheryl
Chiang, Jenny S.
Mozaffarian, Dariush https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7958-9492
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01DK134452-02)
Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Competing interests
: D.M. serves as a scientific advisor to Branch Venture Partners, Elysium Health, Instacart Health, January Inc., Nourish and WndrHLTH (ended: Brightseed, Calibrate, Filtricine, Season Health and Validation Institute); reports scientific consulting with Amazon Health and Google Health; and reports equity in HumanCo and chapter royalties from UpToDate. K.H. reports scientific consulting with the nonprofit organization the Food is Medicine Coalition and volunteers as a member of the Value Assessment Task Force for the American Heart Association’s Healthcare by Food initiative. All other authors report no potential competing interests.