Tian, Ruiyi
Zong, Xiaoyu
Ren, Duo
Tica, Stefani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6935-9746
Hong, Daniel https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5473-8990
Oduyale, Oluseye
Buenrostro, Jason D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-3987
Govindan, Ramaswamy
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (OT2CA297576)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R37CA246175)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (OT2CA297577)
Cancer Research UK (CGCATF-2023/100037)
Cancer Research UK (CGCATF-2023/100043)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK052574)
French National Cancer Institute, Bowelbabe Fund for Cancer Research UK
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (T32CA113275)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (T32DK077653)
WUSTL | Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (UL1TR002345)
Foundation for Barnes Jewish Hospital
Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 5 May 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Competing interests
: J.D.B. reports participation on the scientific advisory board of seqWell, is a cofounder of Switchpoint Bio and serves as a consultant for the Treehouse Family Foundation. Y.C. reports consulting fees from Need, Geneoscopy, and Bayer for work performed outside the scope of this study within the past 5 years and reports no current consulting relationships. The other authors declare no competing interests.