Jia, Huixun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-5587
Qian, Bo
Qu, Yanlin
Wang, Jinyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-1249
Chen, Jieqiong
Li, Tong
Zheng, Changle
Han, Jinu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-6625
Zhang, Guanran
Jin, Yixiao
Lee, Seungmin https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0132-0784
Chen, Xiang
Chen, Haichao
Xu, Jiayu
Xu, Ke
Rong, Yu
Jiang, Yi
Yang, Yiliu
Li, Wenjing
Guo, Qingge
Li, Ya
Li, Yang
Wu, Jihong
Zhang, Qingjiong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-848X
Lu, Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6112-7214
Zhuang, Wenjuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-3085
Lei, Bo
Byeon, Suk Ho
Lee, Junwon
Smedowski, Adrian
Swierczynska, Marta
Zhang, Daoqiang
Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-2620
Grzybowski, Andrzej https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-2391
Sheng, Bin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8510-2556
Wong, Tien Yin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264
Sun, Xiaodong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-0945
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471130)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62502206)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2525004)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82388101)
SJTU | School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (20250412)
Municipal Talent Work Bureau
National Key R&D Program of China
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project
National Key R&D Program of China
Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 25 June 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: T.Y.W. is a consultant for 4MDT, Aldropika Therapeutics, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carl Zeiss, Plano, Quaerite Biopharm Research Ltd., Roche and Shanghai Henlius. He is an inventor, holds patents and is a co-founder of the start-up company EyRiS, which has interests in, and develops digital solutions for, eye diseases. X.S. is a consultant for Alcon, Allergan, Bayer Healthcare, Carl Zeiss, Innovent Biologics and Roche. The other authors declare no competing interests.