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Authors
Wang, Yiying
Sargent, Jennifer L. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3697-1737
Mathieu, Chantal
Vazquez-Arreola, Elsa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1960-1159
Perreault, Leigh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1481-7535
Loos, Ruth J. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-5087
Lim, Lee-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6924
Sandforth, Leontine
Hanson, Robert L.
Kullmann, Stephanie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-923X
Sbierski-Kind, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-5332
Brucker, Sara Y.
Hrabé de Angelis, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7898-2353
Theiss, Fabian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-1943
Icks, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-969X
Mohebbi, Damon
Stefan, Norbert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-9595
Mohan, Viswanathan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-6210
Wang, Tiange https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-489X
Preissl, Hubert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-4661
Bergman, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2589-2976
Tuomilehto, Jaakko
Hivert, Marie-France https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-2585
Franks, Paul W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-7604
Birkenfeld, Andreas L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-9023
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Article History
Received: 1 March 2026
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 10 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: A.L.B. received unrestricted research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca and served in trial leadership for Novo Nordisk, Lilly and Bayer. M.B. has served on the advisory board of Abbott Lingo and Novo Nordisk. V.M. has acted as a consultant and speaker and/or received research or educational grants from Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Sanofi, Servier, Boehringer lngelheim, Eli Lilly, LifeScan, Roche, MSD, Novartis, Aventis, Bayer, USV, Dr. Reddy’s, Sun Pharma, Intas Pharmaceuticals, Lupin, Glenmark, Zydus, IPCA Laboratories, Torrent, Cipla, Biocon, Primus, Franco-Indian, Wockhardt, Emcure, Mankind, Medtronics, Fourrts, Apex, GSK and Alembic. L.-L.L. has received research grants via her institution from Abbott, AstraZeneca and Novartis and speaker honoraria from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care and Zuellig Pharma. J.L.S. has received consulting fees from the WHO, University of Bergen, University of Heidelberg, Lund University, Karolinska University, Springer Nature, ABC Labs and European Diabetes Forum and travel support from the University of Tübingen, University of Silensia and European Association for the Study of Diabetes, is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of BabelFisk, which provides consulting services in global public health, and is Editor-in-Chief of Metabologia , a journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. L.P. has received personal fees for speaking and/or consulting from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim and Ascendis. F.T. consults for Immunai, CytoReason, Valinor Industries, BioTuring, Phylo and AC Management (Amino) and has ownership interest in RN.AI Therapeutics, Dermagnostix and Cellarity. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
