Updates are available Correction dated 2026-08-26
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04668-0
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Authors
Paruzzo, Luca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-0194
Chong, Emeline R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-5367
Chong, Elise A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8895-1625
Zheng, Zhixuan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6756-6052
Guruprasad, Puneeth
Landsburg, Daniel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-4181
Nasta, Sunita D.
Stella, Federico https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-1309
Ramasubramanian, Ranjani
de Souza, Vitor B. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2370-9856
Alkhatib, Mohannad H.
Ho, Matthew
Imparato, Antonio
Chen, Gregory M.
Siegel, Don L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-2251
Plesa, Gabriela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-5943
Dai, Anlan
Mackey, Shane
Das, Priyamvada
Michener, Peter
Jadlowsky, Julie https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5115-1321
Bushman, Frederic D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4740-4056
Patel, Vrutti
Carturan, Alberto
Napier, Ellen B.
Gonzalez, Vanessa E.
Jarocha, Danuta
Xu, Rong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-3218
Levine, Bruce L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-8465
Porazzi, Patrizia
Frey, Noelle
Porter, David L.
Svoboda, Jakub
Fraietta, Joseph A.
June, Carl H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-3557
Schuster, Stephen J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3376-8978
Ruella, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-5811
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P01 PCA214278C)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P01 PCA214278C)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P01 PCA214278C)
Laffey-McHugh Foundation (Not applicable)
Berman Center, and Maguire Fund for Lymphoma Research at Penn
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (5T32HG009495)
Guerry Career Development Award
Laffey-McHugh Foundation, the Berman Center, and Maguire Fund for Lymphoma Research at Penn
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 10 August 2026
Change Date: 26 August 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04668-0
Ethics
Competing interests: E.A.C. served as a consultant for AstraZeneca, Novartis, Beigene, KITE and Juno/Bristol Myers Squibb and received research funding from AbbVie and Genentech/Roche. S.D.N. received research support from Takeda, Roche, Loxo/Lilly, Ono, Pierre Fabre, Caribou Biosciences; he was a Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) member for Merck; and he was a consultant for Genmab and Abbvie. J.S. received research funding from Incyte, Merck and TG Therapeutics; reports consultancy for, and having received research funding from, Bristol Myers Squibb, Seagen, Pharmacyclics and AstraZeneca; and reports consultancy for ADC Therapeutics, Adaptive, Atara, Genmab and Imbrium. J.D.L. received research funding from Curis, Takeda and Triphase, and served on the Board of Directors, advisory committees and Data Safety Monitoring Board for Incyte, ADCT, Karyopharm and Morphosis. J.A.F. is a member of the Scientific Advisory Boards of Cartography Bio and Shennon Biotechnologies and has patents, royalties and other intellectual property. D.L.S. is cofounder of Verismo Therapeutics and Vetigenics. D.L.S. is an inventor on patents or patent applications licensed to Verismo Therapeutic, Vetigenics and Chimeric Therapeutics, and may receive license revenue from such licenses. D.L.S. and the University of Pennsylvania have patents pending or issued related to the use of gene modification in T cells for adoptive T cell therapy. J.J. serves as a consultant for BlueWhale Bio and is named as an inventor on patents related to CAR T cells. D.L.P. declares research funding from Novartis and Bristol Myers Squibb, membership on an entity’s Board of Directors (National Marrow Donor Program), and advisory committee or honoraria from Novartis, Kite/Gilead, Angiocrine, Mirror Biologics, Sana Biotechnology and Verismo. He is a current equity holder for Genentech and has patents and royalties from Novartis and Tmunity/Kite. B.L.L. sits on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Avectas, BioOra, Cellula, Immuneel, Immusoft, Ori Biotech, Oxford Biomedica, Quell Therapeutics, Thermo Fisher Pharma Services and UTC Therapeutics. He is a consultant for BioMerieux, the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and a cofounder and equity holder for Tmunity Therapeutics (acquired by Kite) and Capstan Therapeutics (acquired by Abbvie). He has royalties from the University of Pennsylvania intellectual property licensed to Novartis. He sits on the board of Directors of Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy. C.H.J. is a cofounder of Tmunity, and is a scientific cofounder and holds equity in Capstan Therapeutics, Dispatch Biotherapeutics and Bluewhale Bio. C.H.J. serves on the board of AC Immune and is a scientific adviser to BluesphereBio, Cabaletta, Carisma, Cartography, Cellares, Cellcarta, Celldex, Danaher, Decheng, ImmuneSensor, Kite, Poseida, Verismo, Viracta, Vittoria Bio and WIRB-Copernicus group. C.H.J. is an inventor on patents or patent applications licensed to the Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research and Kite, and may receive license revenue from such licenses. C.H.J. and the University of Pennsylvania have patents pending or issued related to the use of gene modification in T cells for adoptive T cell therapy. M.R. holds patents related to CAR T cell immunotherapy. M.R. has consulted for Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie, Guidepoint, G.L.G., viTToria Biotherapeutics, Acera, MODeX, Lumicks, Biocartis, CytoART and AbClon. M.R. receives research funding from viTToria biotherapeutics and AbClon. M.R. is the scientific founder of viTToria biotherapeutics. S.J.S. served as a consultant to AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Celgene, Genentech, Genmab, Fate Therapeutics, Roche, Incyte, Juno Therapeutics, Legend Biotech, Loxo Oncology, MorphoSys, Mustang Biotech, Nordic Nanovector, Novartis and Regeneron; has received research funding from AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Celgene, DTRM, Genentech, Roche, Juno Therapeutics, Merck, Novartis, Incyte, Pharmacyclics and and TG Therapeutics; has received honoraria from Celgene and Novartis; and holds patents related to CD19 CAR T cells and autologous costimulated T cells. The other authors declare no competing interests.
