Corsi-Zuelli, Fabiana
Li, Fang
Upthegrove, Rachel
Todd, John A.
Raman, Betty https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-9608
Harrison, Paul J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-1126
Taquet, Maxime https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-952X
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR203316)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR203316)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR203316)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR203316)
UKRI-MRC Mental Health Platform
SMARTbiomed Pioneer Centre
JDRF (4-SRA-2017-473-A-N)
Wellcome Trust (203141/A/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (Career Development Award 302210/Z/23/Z)
Novo Nordisk (2021 EASD-Novo Nordisk Foundation Diabetes Prize for Excellence)
British Heart Foundation (Oxford BHF Centre of Research Excellence)
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
Article History
Received: 20 March 2026
Accepted: 24 July 2026
First Online: 26 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: M.T. has received consultancy fees from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). J.A.T. is a consultant for GSK and co-director of the Oxford-GSK Institute for Molecular and Computational Medicine. GSK had no involvement of any kind in this study and were not aware of it until the paper was accepted for publication. R.U. reports consultancy for Bristol Meyers Squibb, Teva and Celentyx, outside the submitted work, together with personal fees from Vitaris and Springer Health Care for non-promotional educational events. The other authors declare no competing interests.