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Authors
Zhang, Li https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9965-8027
Wölflein, Georg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-7617
Ferber, Dyke https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6195-9276
Liang, Junhao
Carrero, Zunamys I.
Wu, Xuewei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-0221
Vibert, Julien
Clusmann, Jan
Möhrmann, Lino https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4650-6827
Möhrmann, Elena E.
Wichmann, Catharina
Wolf, Fabian
Lenz, Tim
Kather, Jakob Nikolas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5348
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 15 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: J.N.K. declares ongoing consulting services for AstraZeneca and Bioptimus. Furthermore, he holds shares in StratifAI, Synagen, Tremont AI, Saterra AI and Spira Labs and has received an institutional research grant from GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca as well as honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Merck, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Pfizer and Fresenius. D.F. holds shares of and is an employee at Synagen. T.L. declares consulting services for StratifAI. J.C. received honoraria from Johnson & Johnson. L.M. declares that his wife is an employee of Pfizer Pharma GmbH. E.E.M. is an employee of Pfizer Pharma GmbH. This work was conducted independently during parental leave, without funding or support from Pfizer. Pfizer had no role in the study. The other authors declare no competing interests.
