Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 April 2026

Accepted: 30 July 2026

First Online: 22 September 2026

Ethics

Competing interests: N.N. has served in a consulting/advisory role for GRAIL, Inc. and Exact Sciences and has received honoraria from Roche Diagnostics and MJH Life Sciences. C.M. has served in a consulting/advisory role for GRAIL. D.K. is an employee of HCA Healthcare and holds stock in the company. M. Matrana is an employee of Ochsner Health; has served in a consulting/advisory role for AstraZeneca and Tempus; and has served on a speakers’ bureau for Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Merck, Eisai, Genentech, Janssen, Exelixis, Seagen and Daiichi Sankyo/Lilly. S.G. has served in a consulting/advisory role for Genentech/Roche, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, Pfizer, Mirati Therapeutics, Merck, Eisai, Gilead Sciences, Arcus Biosciences, Bayer, Regeneron, AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Astellas Pharma and Johnson & Johnson/Janssen and received travel expenses from Mirati Therapeutics and Merck. K.C.O. has served in a consulting/advisory and leadership role for Maia Oncology and holds stock in the company. M.J.D. holds stock in Agenus; has received honoraria from AADi, White Hawk Therapeutics, Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Loxo/Lilly and Corcept Therapeutics; and has served in a consulting/advisory role for Loxo/Lilly, Orphagen, Bayer, TD2, Theralink, OnCusp, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Crinetics Pharmaceuticals. J.W.L. holds patents with Chinook Therapeutics (a Novartis company). R.K. has served in a consulting/advisory role for Previvor Edge and holds stock in the company. J.T. holds stock in Novo Nordisk and Vertex. A.P. has served in a consulting/advisory role for IO Biotech and on a speakers’ bureau for Natera. D.R. has served in a consulting/advisory role for Ipsen, Taiho Pharmaceuticals, Seattle Genetics/Astellas, Mirati Therapeutics, GRAIL and Roche/Genentech. M.L. is an employee of GRAIL, Inc. and holds stock in the company. C.M. is an employee of GRAIL, Inc. and holds stock in the company and was previously employed by Genentech and holds stock in the company. M. McCusker is an employee of GRAIL, Inc. and holds stock in GRAIL, Roche and Illumina. K.V.G. has served in a consulting/advisory role for Lilly, Onviv, Novartis, Medscape, Clinical Education Alliance, Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative, GRAIL, Conexiant and the Association for Molecular Pathology and received travel expenses from GRAIL. R.H.K., G.S., A.R. and S.T. declare no competing interests.