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Authors
Liu, Kevin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-3213
Shi, William Y.
Nesselbush, Monica C.
Phillips, Nick A.
Mach, Kathleen E.
Luca, Bogdan
Bajpai, Ravi K.
Jabara, Isabel
Cheng, Jordan C.
Sugio, Takeshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4270-1943
Shukla, Navika
Shen, Emily C.
Koh, Ivy Lee
Wu, Douglas J.
Liu, Chih-Long https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6577-5427
Almanza, Diego https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-9366
Jun, Soyeong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-7098
Tian, Feng
Hamilton, Emily G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-6244
Hoerner, Christian R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-1126
Wang, Rui
Esfahani, Mohammad S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0950-3937
Hui, Angela
La, Vinh
Holton, Grace
Rodriguez, Gabriela
Lee, Timothy J.
Ling, Xi
Kalahasti, Nikitha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4304-2265
Vallamkonda, Spoorthi
Mullane, Patrick
Chen, Simon B.
Shkolyar, Eugene
Prado, Kris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-7892
Khaki, Ali Raza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-4426
Chan, Emily
Buyyounouski, Mark K.
Fan, Alice C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-5444
Skinner, Eila C.
Alizadeh, Ash A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5153-5625
Liao, Joseph C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-5463
Diehn, Maximilian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-0581
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 CA254179)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 CA244526)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (T32 CA930245)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K00 CA264398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 CA254179)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 CA244526)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 CA244526)
Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research and SDW/DT Philanthropic Gift
Stanford ACED Canary Fellowship, Cui Scholar Graduate Fellowship
Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2026
Accepted: 25 August 2026
First Online: 2 October 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: K.J.L., W.Y.S., M.C.N. and E.G.H. report ownership interest or stock options in Resero Bio. M.S.E. and E.G.H. report consultancy for Foresight Diagnostics. M.C.N. and E.G.H. are employees of Resero Bio. A.A.A. has received research support from Celgene and Bristol Myers Squibb; reports consultancy for AstraZeneca, Arima, Natera, Roche, Genentech, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Forty Seven, Gilead, ADCT, Janssen, CARGO, Foresight Diagnostics, Adaptive Biotech and Chugai; has served on the Scientific Advisory Board for CiberMed and Foresight Diagnostics; and reports ownership interest in CiberMed, Resero Bio, Arima, Forty Seven, CARGO and Natera. J.C.L. reports consultancy for VPIX and UroViu and ownership interest or stock options in Resero Bio. M.D. reports current or past research support from AstraZeneca, Illumina and Varian; honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai and Novartis; consultancy to AstraZeneca, BioNTech, Boehringer Ingelheim, CiberMed, Foresight Diagnostics, Genentech, Gritstone Bio, Illumina, Natera, Perception Medicine, RefleXion, Regeneron, Resero Bio and Roche; patents licensed to Foresight Diagnostics, Natera, Resero Bio and Roche; and ownership interest or stock options in CiberMed, Foresight Diagnostics, Gritstone Bio, Natera, Perception Medicine and Resero Bio. K.J.L., W.Y.S., M.C.N., A.A.A., J.C.L. and M.D. also report patent filings related to urine cfRNA. The other authors declare no competing interests.
