Wen, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-3150
Freestone, Jack
Riffle, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-8607
MacCoss, Michael J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-0256
Noble, William S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-4715
Keich, Uri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3209-5011
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DGE-2140004, 2245300)
ODNI | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (W911NF2220059)
Article History
Received: 3 June 2024
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 16 June 2025
Competing interests
: The MacCoss Lab at the University of Washington receives funding from Agilent, Bruker, Sciex, Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and Waters to support the development of Skyline, a quantitative analysis software tool. M.J.M. is a paid consultant for Thermo Fisher Scientific. The other authors declare no competing interests.