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Authors
Schroeder, Amelia
Loth, Melanie L.
Luo, Chunyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7047-0857
Yao, Sicong
Yan, Hanying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9227-1742
Zhang, Daiwei
Piya, Sarbottam
Plowey, Edward
Hu, Wenxing
Clemenceau, Jean R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-6457
Jang, Inyeop
Kim, Minji https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6787-0354
Barnfather, Isabel https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3071-963X
Chan, Su Jing
Reynolds, Taylor L.
Carlile, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7699-9354
Cullen, Patrick
Sung, Ji-Youn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6607-2117
Tsai, Hui-Hsin
Park, Jeong Hwan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-9928
Hwang, Tae Hyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-7269
Zhang, Baohong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-4212
Li, Mingyao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-0621
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (R01HG013185)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | U.S. National Library of Medicine (R01LM014592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL171595)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U01CA294518)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U01CA294518)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA276690)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R37CA265967)
U.S. Department of Defense (CA190578)
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Article History
Received: 7 July 2024
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 15 September 2025
Competing interests
: M.L. receives research funding from Biogen, Inc., which partly supports the present work. M.L. and D.Z. are co-founders of OmicPath AI LLC. B.Z., S.P., E.P., W.H., S.J.C., T.L.R., T.C. and H.-H.T. are employees of Biogen, Inc. Additionally, T.H.H. is a co-founder of Kure.ai therapeutics and Kure.s and has received consulting fees from IQVIA; these affiliations and financial compensations are independent of the research described in this paper. The companies Kure.ai therapeutics and Kure.s had no influence on the study design, data collection and analysis, preparation of the paper or decision to publish. The other authors declare no competing interests.
