Chen, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-9184
Qian, Wei
Razansky, Daniel
Yu, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-5489
Qian, Chunqi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4528-4572
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (RF1NS128611-01, RF1NS113278-01)
National Science Foundation (2144138)
European Union Framework Program for Research and Innovation Horizon
Article History
Received: 3 July 2024
Accepted: 23 July 2025
First Online: 8 September 2025
Competing interests
: The Michigan State University has disclosed the circuit design in a provisional patent application US63/656,762 (filed by C.Q.). The other authors declare no competing interests.