Zhou, Felix Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-1165
Marin, Zach https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5341-9911
Yapp, Clarence https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1144-5710
Zou, Qiongjing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-0795
Nanes, Benjamin A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-1611
Daetwyler, Stephan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7444-4734
Jamieson, Andrew R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-9379
Islam, Md Torikul
Jenkins, Edward
Gihana, Gabriel M.
Lin, Jinlong
Borges, Hazel M. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5834-5310
Chang, Bo-Jui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-7106
Weems, Andrew
Morrison, Sean J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-8329
Sorger, Peter K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-1838
Fiolka, Reto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-5000
Dean, Kevin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-2320
Danuser, Gaudenz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-2014
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35 GM136428)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (RM1 GM145399)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35 GM133522)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U54CA268072)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U2C-233280)
Wellcome Trust (224040/Z/21/Z)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (GT16003)
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB035538)
Article History
Received: 31 July 2024
Accepted: 7 September 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Competing interests
: K.M.D. and R.F. have a patent covering ASLM (US10989661) and consultancy agreements with 3i. K.M.D. has an ownership interest in Discovery Imaging Systems. P.K.S. is a cofounder and member of the Board of Directors (BOD) of Glencoe Software, a member of the BOD for Applied Biomath and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for RareCyte, NanoString, Reverb Therapeutics and Montai Health; P.K.S. holds equity in Glencoe, Applied Biomath and RareCyte. P.K.S. consults for Merck and the Sorger lab has received research funding from Novartis and Merck in the past 5 years. S.J.M. is an advisor for Frequency Therapeutics and Protein Fluidics, as well as a stockholder in G1 Therapeutics and Mereo Biopharma. The other authors declare no competing interests.