Nickols, William A.
Kuntz, Thomas
Shen, Jiaxian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-8955
Maharjan, Sagun
Mallick, Himel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-2429
Franzosa, Eric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-7068
Thompson, Kelsey N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-9722
Nearing, Jacob T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-034X
Huttenhower, Curtis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1110-0096
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI110820)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM135117)
Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, Early Career grant
Article History
Received: 13 December 2024
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 15 January 2026
Competing interests
: C.H. is on the scientific advisory boards for Seres Therapeutics, Empress Therapeutics and ZOE Nutrition. The other authors declare no competing interests.