Aggarwal, Abhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6336-566X
Negrean, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9256-7412
Chen, Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-3007
Iyer, Rishyashring https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-9491
Reep, Daniel https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7638-9538
Liu, Anyi
Palutla, Anirudh https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3997-4943
Xie, Michael E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-9181
MacLennan, Bryan J.
Hagihara, Kenta M.
Kinsey, Lucas W.
Sun, Julianna L.
Yao, Pantong
Zheng, Jihong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1247-6087
Tsang, Arthur
Tsegaye, Getahun
Zhang, Yonghai https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6121-427X
Patel, Ronak H.
Arthur, Benjamin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-8807
Hiblot, Julien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-8079
Leippe, Philipp
Tarnawski, Miroslaw https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-5668
Marvin, Jonathan S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-4515
Vevea, Jason D.
Turaga, Srinivas C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-6487
Tebo, Alison G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5617
Carandini, Matteo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-7682
Rossi, L. Federico https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-4860
Kleinfeld, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-4722
Konnerth, Arthur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-2676
Svoboda, Karel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-7362
Turner, Glenn C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-2784
Hasseman, Jeremy P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-7321
Podgorski, Kaspar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-2005
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1DP2NS136990)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (UM1MH136462)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1F30MH138009)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U19 NS137920)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U24 EB028942)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 NS143141)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01 NS12605)
Allen Intitute, HHMI
HHMI
Boehringer Ingelheim Stiftung
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans
Human Frontier Science Program (T0052/2022-L)
American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities
UKRI
Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation
Human Technopole
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KO 979/7-1)
Max-Planck-School of Cognition
Article History
Received: 18 March 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors have no competing interests related to this work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.