Land, Michelle A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-9281
Galdamez, Mario
Villette, Vincent
Zhu, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7905-7856
Lu, Xiaoyu
Marosi, Mate
Yang, Shuyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-9782
Foran, Gregory
McDonald, Alex J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-3562
Dong, Xiaoyu
Zaabout, Elsayed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-3635
Liu, Haixin
Liu, Zhuohe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-646X
Colbert, Kevin L.
Lai, Shujuan
Shorey, Matthew
Lourdiane, Anthony S. G.
Ayon, Annick
Bradley, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-1153
Mailhes-Hamon, Caroline
Natan, Ryan G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-4833
Zhong, Jian
Kroeger, Ryan
Law, Robert G.
Hakam, Noura
Smith, Cameron L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-4667
Hu, Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-5315
Tabb, Shanii https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-1277
Bathellier, Brice
Dudok, Barna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-0090
Ji, Na https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-1663
Bourdieu, Laurent https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-8758
Reimer, Jacob https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-8846
St-Pierre, François https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8618-4135
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01EB027145)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01NS113294)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NS126115)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01NS118300)
NSF | Directorate for Biological Sciences (1707359)
Welch Foundation (Q-2016-20220331)
Article History
Received: 21 January 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Competing interests
: F.S.-P. holds a US patent for a voltage sensor design (patent number US9606100 B2) that encompasses the GEVIs reported here. The other authors declare no competing interests.