Emms, David M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9065-8978
Liu, Yi https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2084-7776
Belcher, Laurence https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-6503
Holmes, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0440-8404
Kelly, Steven https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-5362
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (226598/Z/22/Z)
Wellcome Trust (226598/Z/22/Z)
Wellcome Trust (226598/Z/22/Z)
Wellcome Trust (226598/Z/22/Z)
Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 9 June 2026
Competing interests
: S.K. is co-founder of Wild Bioscience Ltd. and an employee of Ellison Institute of Technology, Oxford Limited. D.M.E. is an employee of InstaDeep. The other authors declare no competing interests.