Thompson, Jacqueline R.
Nelson, Erik D.
Tippani, Madhavi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-6418
Ramnauth, Anthony D.
Divecha, Heena R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-0675
Miller, Ryan A.
Eagles, Nicholas J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-5254
Pattie, Elizabeth A.
Kwon, Sang Ho
Bach, Svitlana V.
Kaipa, Uma M.
Yao, Jianing
Hou, Christine
Kleinman, Joel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-6052
Collado-Torres, Leonardo
Han, Shizhong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-6742
Maynard, Kristen R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-8468
Hyde, Thomas M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8746-3037
Martinowich, Keri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-0789
Page, Stephanie C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1951-7398
Hicks, Stephanie C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7858-0231
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH122849)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH105592)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R21AG083328)
Article History
Received: 29 April 2024
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Competing interests
: E.D.N. is now a full-time employee at GSK, which is unrelated to the contents of this manuscript. His contributions to this manuscript were made while previously enrolled as a student at Johns Hopkins University and performing research at the Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD). J.E.K. is a consultant on a Data Monitoring Committee for an antipsychotic drug trial for Merck & Co. The other authors declare no competing interests.