Joseph, Brian J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-0021
Marshall, Kelly A. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7936-7280
Harley, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-0227
Mann, Jacob R.
Alessandrini, Francesco
Vanoye, Carlos G.
Chi, Wanhao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6879-7018
Prudencio, Mercedes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4894-4858
Simkin, Dina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-5960
Kao, Tzu-Ting https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5529-7200
Desai, Reshma R.
Keuss, Matthew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2628-4115
Barattucci, Simone https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8380-2931
Zanovello, Matteo
Mehta, Puja R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-407X
DeKeyser, Jean-Marc
Limone, Francesco
Lee, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-8456
Brown, Anna-Leigh
Leyton-Jaimes, Marcel F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6992-8219
Nash, Leslie A.
Juan, Irune Guerra San
Aronica, Eleonora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-3770
Wainger, Brian J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-7231
Shah, Mala
Goswami, Anand
Shneider, Neil A.
Dickson, Dennis W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-7917
Burrone, Juan
Zhang, Chaolin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-7537
Wichterle, Hynek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-0080
Petrucelli, Leonard
Watts, Jonathan K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-1734
George, Alfred L. Jr
Fratta, Pietro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-8188
Eggan, Kevin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4436-8467
Kiskinis, Evangelos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-8616
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS104219, NS108874, NS108874, RF1NS120992, NS108874, NS108874, U54NS123743)
Les Turner ALS Foundation
New York Stem Cell Foundation
ALS Scholars in Therapeutics Fellowship through the Healey Center at MGH
Target ALS
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (R01NS125018, R35GM145279, R35NS097273)
Project ALS
Target ALS
Article History
Received: 22 March 2023
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Competing interests
: P.F. is an academic founder of Trace Neuroscience, consults and is a Scientific Advisory Board member for VectorY. B.J.W. is a Scientific Advisory Board member of Quralis. K.E. is a cofounder of Q-State Biosciences, Quralis and Enclear Therapies and is currently employed at BioMarin Pharmaceuticals. J.K.W. and E.K. are academic cofounders of NuCyRNA Therapeutics; E.K. is also an academic cofounder of NeuronGrow and a Scientific Advisory Board member of Axion Biosystems, ResQ Biotech and Synapticure. Named companies were not involved in this project. The other authors declare no competing interests.