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Authors
Lüscher, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7917-4596
Emiliani, Valentina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2992-9510
Farahany, Nita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-6256
Gittis, Aryn
Gradinaru, Viviana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-348X
High, Katherine A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-6223
Roska, Botond https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-1450
Sahel, José-Alain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-1153
Yizhar, Ofer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-1448
Zeng, Hongkui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-5878
Deisseroth, Karl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-3967
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Article History
Received: 26 January 2024
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: J.-A.S. is a cofounder of SparingVision and Gensight Therapeutics, which supported the clinical trial on optogenetics in retinal degeneration 21 . K.A.H. serves as an officer and holds equity in RhyGaze, an early-stage privately held biotechnology company investigating the use of optogenetics in therapeutics. She also serves on the Board of Directors of CRISPR Therapeutics AG, Incyte Corporation and Tr1x. V.G. is a cofounder of Capsida Biotherapeutics, which is involved in AAV engineering for gene therapy. H.Z. is on the scientific advisory board of Maplight Therapeutics, which is translating optogenetic findings into medicinal therapies (including those for autism, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease). O.Y is a co-founder and O.Y. and K.D. serve as consultants for Modulight Biotherapeutics, which is involved in GPCR opsin development for human therapeutics. K.D. is a cofounder and scientific advisor of Maplight Therapeutics, as mentioned above, and Stellaromics, which is involved in the translation of discoveries from hydrogel tissue chemistry to human therapies. B.R. is a co-founder of Gensight Therapeutics and RhyGaze, both developing optogenetic therapies for restoring vision, B.R. is also a consultant for RhyGaze. The other authors declare no competing interests.
