van den Heuvel, Martijn P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-1195
Libedinsky, Ilan
Quiroz Monnens, Sebastian
Repple, Jonathan
Sommer, Iris
Cocchi, Luca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3651-2676
Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 15 January 2026
Competing interests
: M.P.v.d.H. has participated in a project as a data consultant for ROCHE (ROCHE had no role in this study) and is part of the editorial board of Wiley Human Brain Mapping (Wiley Human Brain Mapping had no role in this study). J.R. received speaker’s honoraria from Janssen, Hexal, Neuraxpharm and Novartis (they had no role in this study). L.C. is involved in a clinical neuromodulation center, the Queensland Neurostimulation Centre (QNC, trading as the Australian Brain Foundation), which offers neuroimaging-guided neurotherapeutics; is not paid by QNC and this center had no role in the study; has served as a co-inventor on a patent application by the National University of Singapore covering neuroimaging-based personalized TMS; and is involved in the development of imaging-based personalized TMS for depression with ANT Neuro and Resonait. The provisional patent and products from ANT Neuro and Resonait are not directly related to this work. L.C. serves on the editorial boards of Wiley Human Brain Mapping and Elsevier NeuroImage: Clinical, neither of which had any role in the study. The other authors declare no competing interests.