Zhang, Ziyang
van Olst, Lynn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7569-0470
Alessandrini, Francesco
Wright, Matthew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6634-934X
Edwards, Alex J.
Boles, Jake https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-2162
Nalbandian, Anait https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9126-6239
Forsyth, Anne V.
Shepard, Nate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-3152
Watson, Thomas
Kaspi, Evan
Mittal, Angeli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-645X
Kuruvilla, Joshua
Piehl, Natalie
Ramakrishnan, Abhirami https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-3685
Appel, Stanley https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-6298
Kiskinis, Evangelos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-8616
Gate, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-9657
Funding for this research was provided by:
Les Turner ALS Foundation
BrightFocus Foundation
Target ALS
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AG078713)
New York Stem Cell Foundation
Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 14 May 2026
Competing interests
: E. Kiskinis is an academic cofounder of NuCyRNA Therapeutics and SAB member of Axion Biosystems, ResQ Biotech, Synapticure, Live Like Lou Foundation and Packard Foundation. D.G. has been a consultant/advisor for Merck related to anti-inflammatory therapy for ALS. Named companies and foundations were not involved in this project. The other authors declare no competing interests.