Wei, Guoqin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-4911
Chatterjee, Shreyosree
Yang, Qinglin
Vijayakumar, Sanahan
Ogasawara, Daisuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-4698
Giles, Sarah
Biscocho, Katie
Westenskow, Peter
Wang, Junhua
Fan, Ruhan
Pham, Helena
Aguilar, Edith
Robinson, Jacob
Usui-Ouchi, Ayumi
Bonelli, Roberto
Eade, Kevin
Siuzdak, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-0014
Cravatt, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-3492
Sailor, Michael J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9826
Boger, Dale https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-3317
Friedlander, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-9651
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (R01EY11254)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (5R24EY017540)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (TR1-01219)
Lowy Medical Research Institute, MF 001
Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC PGS-D)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01 CA235493)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01 CA305256)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R35 GM130385)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (2R01AI132413)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (DA015648)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2011924)
National Science Foundation (ECCS-2025752)
Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 19 June 2026
Competing interests
: M.J.S. is a scientific founder (SF) and member of the Board of Directors, Advisory Board (AB) and Scientific Advisory Board (SAB), and acts as a paid consultant (PC) or has an equity interest (EI) in the following: Aivocode (AB, EI); Bejing ITEC Technologies (SAB, PC); Hinalea Imaging (EI); Illumina (EI); Impilo Therapeutics (SAB, EI); Lisata Therapeutics (EI); Matrix Technologies (EI); Precis Therapeutics (SF, BOD, EI); Quanterix (EI); Spinnaker Biosciences (SF, BOD, EI); TruTag Technologies (SAB, EI); and Well-Healthcare Technologies (SAB, PC). Although one or more of the grants that supported this research has been identified for conflict-of-interest management based on the overall scope of the project and its potential benefit to the companies listed, the research findings included in this publication may not necessarily relate to their interests. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. The other authors declare no competing interests.