Nejati, Vahid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-5207
Vaziri, Zahra
Antal, Andrea
Antonenko, Daria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-4609
Behroozmand, Roozbeh
Bestmann, Sven
Brunelin, Jerome https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-5628
Brunoni, Andre R.
Carvalho, Sandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-5146
Davis, Nick J.
Enticott, Peter G.
Fallgatter, Andreas J.
Ferrucci, Roberta
Fitzgerald, Paul B.
Hamada, Masashi
Hamilton, Roy H.
Hoy, Kate E.
Jaberzadeh, Shapour
Jamil, Asif https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-675X
Cohen Kadosh, Roi
Krekelberg, Bart
Laureys, Steven https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-3807
Romero Lauro, Leonor J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-2502
Loo, Colleen K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3267-0554
Martin, Donel
Martinotti, Giovanni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-2341
Mondino, Marine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-8503
Oliviero, Antonio
Pellicciari, Maria Concetta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-8220
Plewnia, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-9906
Pobric, Gorana
De Raedt, Rudi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6781-4808
Razza, Lais B.
Rocchi, Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-156X
Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-4677
Khorrami, Azin Sarraj
Schecklmann, Martin
Siebner, Hartwig Roman
Taylor, Stephan F.
Vanderhasselt, Marie-Anne
Vanneste, Sven
Vicario, Carmelo M.
Woods, Adam J.
Ziemann, Ulf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-3615
Nitsche, Michael A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-5965
Article History
Received: 29 September 2023
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Competing interests
: M.A.N. is on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Neuroelectrics and Precisis and has conducted consulting activities for Boehringer Ingelheim. A.R.B. is on the Scientific Advisory board of Flow Neuroscience and on the Latin American Scientific Advisory Board of Livanova. He also received in-kind material support from MagVenture and Soterix. In the past 3 years, P.B.F. has received equipment for research from Neurosoft, Nexstim and Brainsway Ltd. He has served on Scientific Advisory Boards for Magstim and LivaNova and received speaker fees from Otsuka. He has also acted as a founder and board member for TMS Clinics Australia and Resonance Therapeutics. P.B.F. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Investigator grant (grant no. 1193596). R.F. is a stakeholder of Newronika SpA, Milan, Italy. K.E.H. is a founder of Resonance Therapeutics. R.C.K. serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Neuroelectrics Inc. and Tech InnoSphere Engineering Ltd. and is a founder, director and shareholder of Cognite Neurotechnology Ltd. C.K.L. has served on an advisory board for Janssen and Douglas Pharmaceuticals and has received royalties as book editor from Springer Publishers. A.A. is a vice president of the European Society for Brain Stimulation and member at large at the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, European, Middle European and Africa Chapter. She served as a paid consultant for NeuroConn, Ilmenau, Savir GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany and currently is a paid advisor by Pulvinar, USA. She is supported by the State of Lower Saxony, Germany (76251-12-7/19, ZN 3456), by the BMBF (STIMCODE) and DFG (AN 687/9-1, VIRON), EU-Horizon 2020 (PAINLESS). H.R.S. has received honoraria as speaker and consultant from Lundbeck AS, Denmark, and as editor (Neuroimage Clinical) from Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He has received royalties as book editor from Springer Publishers, Stuttgart, Germany, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, and from Gyldendal Publishers, Copenhagen, Denmark. H.R.S. was supported by a grand solutions grant ‘Precision Brain-Circuit Therapy - Precision-BCT’ from Innovation Funds Denmark (grant no. 9068-00025B) and a collaborative project grant ‘ADAptive and Precise Targeting of cortex-basal ganglia circuits in Parkinson’s Disease - ADAPT-PD’ from Lundbeckfonden (grant no. R336-2020-1035). J.B. is a board member of the NIBS section of the French Association of Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (AFPBN) and of the European Society of Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and reports research grants in NIBS from CIHR (Canada), ANR and PHRC (France). M.S. is a board member of the German Association for Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and in the field of brain stimulation, his local center for neuromodulation received for research purposes material from MagVenture, Deymed and NeuroConn/MAG and More. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.
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