Liu, Zeyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3553-3793
Li, Yan-Ruide https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-300X
Yang, Youcheng
Zhu, Enbo
Nan, Haochen
Yan, Yue
Zhang, Bo
Chen, Guorui
Pedroncelli, Nicolas
Lyu, Zibai
Lin, Jason
Soto, Jennifer
Yang, Lili
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01NS130677)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (TRAN1-08533)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (TRAN1-12250)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (DISE2-11157)
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (DISE2COVID19-12020)
Article History
Received: 12 November 2024
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Competing interests
: Z. Liu, Y.-R.L, L.Y. and S.L. filed a patent application (PCT/US24/22516) on synthetic cell as inventors. The other authors declare no competing interests.