Xie, Maobin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9082-4510
Lian, Liming
Zhang, Zhenrui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-9148
Lin, Zeng
Guajardo, Emilio Mireles
Sahoo, Jugal Kishore https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2503-9115
Tang, Guosheng https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2791-8448
Li, Gang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-4134
Lim, Khoon S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2486-196X
Kaplan, David L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-7774
Zhang, Yu Shrike https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-0808
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (CBET-EBMS-1936105)
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (P41EB027062)
Article History
Received: 19 February 2024
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Competing interests
: Y.S.Z. consulted for Allevi by 3D Systems; consults for PepGel; cofounded, consults for and holds options of Linton Lifesciences; cofounded, consults for, and holds options of Criocore; and sits on the scientific advisory board and holds options of Xellar Biosystems. The relevant interests are managed by the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. M.X. consulted for Green Key, which, however, did not participate in or bias the work. The other authors declare no competing interests.