Zhang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7391
Li, Shenshen
An, Ning
Huang, Jianting
Wang, Feng
Wang, Danhong https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5239-6188
Lin, Yuanxiang
Liu, Hesheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-1509
Ren, Jianxun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-4546
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian provincial recruitment project for high-level talent teams in medical and health sciences (YJRCTD-2025LHS) and Changping Laboratory
Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: H.L. is a co-founder and chief scientist of Neural Galaxy and Galaxy Brain Scientific. J.R. served on the scientific advisory board of Neural Galaxy during the period in which this research was conducted. W.Z. was employed by Neural Galaxy during the period in which this research was conducted, in addition to their affiliation with Changping Laboratory. H.L., D.W. and W.Z. are listed as inventors on issued patents, held by Massachusetts General Hospital or Neural Galaxy, related to the personalized functional mapping and targeting technology used in this work. The aforementioned companies did not provide funding for this research, and none of them had any role in the study design, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation or decision to submit for publication. The other authors declare no competing interests.