Dong, Wentao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5490-4265
Nyame, Kwamina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-4689
Rawat, Eshaan S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-7605
Medoh, Uche N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-4093
Xiong, Jian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9008-3134
Bonin, Caio C. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4440-8111
Alsohybe, Hisham N. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3277-8821
Liu, Hunter Y.
Gomes, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-2303
Shalit, Tammy
Arnold, Marianna
Hsieh, Frank
Sammler, Esther https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-7116
Abu-Remaileh, Monther https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-0477
Article History
Received: 13 February 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Competing interests
: M.A.-R. is a scientific advisory board member of Lycia Therapeutics and advisor for Scenic Biotech. T.S., M.A. and F.H. are employed by Nextcea, Inc., which holds patent rights to the di-22:6-BMP and 2,2′-di-22:6-BMP biomarkers for neurological diseases involving lysosomal dysfunction (US: 8,313,949; Japan: 5,702,363; and Europe: EP2419742). All other authors declare no competing interests.
: A subset of patient samples that were used in Gomes et al. (2023) were additionally used in this work. All participants gave written informed consent. All relevant ethics committees including the Comite Etico de Investigacion Clinica del Area Sanitaria de Gipuzkoa, Donostia Ospitalea, San Sebastian, Spain (JRM-LRR-2018-01); the Comite Etico de Investigacion Clinica del Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain (CPMP/ICH/135/95); the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria (EK Nr: 1844/2019); and the North East - Newcastle & North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee, United Kingdom (20/YH/0081) gave ethical approval for this work.