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Article History

Received: 31 January 2024

Accepted: 26 July 2024

First Online: 8 August 2024

Competing interests

: Funding for this project was provided by Envision Sciences Pty Ltd, the University of South Australia, a Cancer Council SA Beat Cancer Grant, Movember Foundation/Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia’s Research Program and the Australian Federal Government [NHMRC development grant GNT1092904 and MTP Connect Biomedical Translation Bridge Program grant BTBR200074]. L.M.B. was supported by a Beat Cancer SA Beat Cancer Project Principal Cancer Research Fellowship (PRF1117). D.A.B and I R.D.J. are from the University of South Australia, and L.M.B. is from the University of Adelaide and hold a patent WO2014197937A1 ‘Methods for Detecting Prostate Cancer’, which involves this manuscript (Original Patent). The Original Patent holders have appointed, UniSA Ventures Pty Ltd, the wholly owned commercialisation arm of the University of South Australia, to manage the commercialisation of the Original Patent. UniSA Ventures Pty Ltd has entered into arm’s length arrangements with Envision Sciences Pty Ltd under which UniSA Ventures will receive financial benefits from the successful commercialisation of the Original Patent. Envision Sciences Pty Ltd is a privately owned Australian company which is commercialising its work in the field of cancer diagnostics and holds additional patents including PCT/AU2020/050925 “Methods for Confirming Detection and Evaluating the Progression of a Prostate Cancer” involving the invention reported in this manuscript and is using this with the Original Patent under licence. Envision Sciences Pty Ltd has engaged the University of South Australia on arm’s length terms to conduct research and development work, including subject matter in this manuscript. D.A.B. is a professor and leader of the Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group in Clinical and Health Sciences at the University of South Australia. D.A.B. is a founding shareholder for Envision Sciences Pty Ltd and benefits from Envision Sciences Pty Ltd research funding. J. O’L is a shareholder and benefits from Envision Sciences Pty Ltd research funding. D.A.B., L.K., J.M.L., C.M., M.C.C., A.S., B.S.U., S.Pra., C. R. M., I.R.D.J., C.H., S.M.H., R.D.B., are employees of the University of South Australia, L.M.B. is an employee of Adelaide University and P. T. and J.J.O’L. is an employees of Trinity College Dublin and each receive benefit from the funding provided by Envision Sciences Pty Ltd, the University of South Australia and the Australian Federal Government, for their research work.