Ghamrawi, Walaa https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1620-6438
Curtis, Nathan
Xu, Jialang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-7033
Boal, Matt
Mazomenos, Evangelos
Edwards, Eddie
Stoyanov, Danail https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-3227
Francis, Nader
Article History
Received: 21 February 2024
Accepted: 19 November 2024
First Online: 30 January 2025
Competing interests
: All authors confirm they hold no conflict of interest or financial disclosures. Walaa Ghamrawi and Matt Boal have received funding from Medtronic (Touch Surgery TM is a subsidiary of Medtronic) to undertake a PHD from UCL. Nader Francis has undertaken consultancy for Touch Surgery TM separate to the present study and was not involved in data analysis in this study.