Liao, Ashlee S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-8773
Dai, Kevin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5895-0450
Irez, Alaeddin Burak https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-7694
Sun, Anika https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9119-1054
Bennington, Michael J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-6297
Schaffer, Saul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3160-2541
Chopra, Bhavya https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6503-6296
Seok, Ji Min https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8182-1990
Adams, Rebekah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7268-7225
Zhang, Yongjie Jessica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-9757
Webster-Wood, Victoria A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-2687
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-2-0138, W911NF-23-2-0138, W911NF-23-2-0138, W911NF-23-2-0138)
National Science Foundation (ECCS-2044785, ECCS-2044785, DGE1745016, DGE1745016, DGE1745016, ECCS-2044785, ECCS-2044785)
Pennsylvania Manufacturing Fellows Initiative
Carnegie Mellon University (Innovation Commercialization Fellowship)
U.S. Department of State (Fulbright Post Doctoral Program)
The Fulbright Post Doctoral Program was also co-sponsored by the Turkish Fulbright Commission.
Article History
Received: 24 February 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.