Wei, Zhaoxing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-4384
Lin, Xiaomin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-662X
Zhang, Leiyao
Guo, Lingfei
Liu, Jixin
Hu, Li
Liu, Yaou
Kong, Yazhuo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-4723
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072010)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (IS23108)
National Key R&D Program of China
Article History
Received: 5 February 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare a granted patent (Authorized Publication No.: CN114494502B; Application Date: April 1, 2022; Granted Date: September 10, 2024; China) related to the cortico-spinal imaging and data analysis methods presented in this manuscript. This patent is held by Z.W. and Y.K., who are co-authors of the present study.