Goldblum, Zack https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-7051
Xu, Zhongchuan
Shi, Haoer
Orzechowski, Patryk
Spence, Jamaal https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5473-9167
Davis, Kathryn A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-6480
Litt, Brian
Sinha, Nishant
Wagenaar, Joost https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-7120
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1U24NS134536)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (UC4DK112217)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1U24NS135547)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (OT3OD025347)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U24NS063930)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K01ES025436)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R44DA044929)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K99NS138680)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01NS116504)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01NS125137)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA-BAA-15-35)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA-D2-1801)
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH2210593)
Article History
Received: 23 January 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.