Kerns, Brandon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-7895
Chen, Shuyi S.
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Commerce | NOAA | Climate Program Office (NA21OAR4310263, NA21OAR4310263)
U.S. Department of Energy (PNNL/UW PO516639)
Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.