Zhao, Ran
Bai, Yanru
Zhang, Shuming
Zhu, Jianing
Liu, Hongxing
Ni, Guangjian
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China
The Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration Independent Project
Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.