West, Natalie A. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0211-8845
Kamel, Serageldin
Wentzel, Andrew
Kaffey, Zaphanlene
Abdelaal, Moamen
Elisabeta Marai, G.
Canahuate, Guadalupe
Zhang, Xinhua
Chen, Melissa M.
Wahid, Kareem A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-0175
Rigert, Jillian
Brock, Kristy K.
Chambers, Mark
Otun, Adegbenga O.
Aponte-Wesson, Ruth
He, Renjie
Naser, Mohamed A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-4966
Hutcheson, Katherine A.
Mohamed, Abdallah S. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-7613
van Dijk, Lisanne V.
Moreno, Amy C.
Lai, Stephen Y.
Fuller, Clifton D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-3994
Humbert-Vidan, Laia
Funding for this research was provided by:
UTHealth | Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (T32 TR004905)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE028290)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE028290-02S1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R03DE033550)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE032168)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE032168)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (1R01DE028290-01A1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (K12CA088084)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R21DE031082)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (K01DE030524)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE032168)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE025248)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE032168)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE025248)
American Legion Auxiliary Fellowship in Cancer Research
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP210042)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (UG3 TR004501)
National Science Foundation (CNS-2320261)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA258827)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA016672)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA258827)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA016672-48)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA016672-47)
The University Scholar Award from the University of Illinois System
The Image-Guided Cancer Therapy T32 Training Program Fellowship
KWF Kankerbestrijding (KWF-13529)
ZonMw (NWO-09150162010173)
Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Competing interests
: CDF has received unrelated grant support from Elekta AB and holds unrelated patents licensed to Kallisio, Inc. (US PTO 11730561) through the University of Texas, from which they receive patent royalties. CDF has also received unrelated travel and honoraria from Elekta AB, Philips Medical Systems, Siemens Healthineers/Varian, and Corewell Health. Additionally, CDF has served in an unpaid advisory capacity for Siemens Healthineers/Varian and has served on the guidelines/scientific committee for Osteoradionecrosis for the American Society of Clinical Oncology. VCS is a consultant and equity holder in Femtovox Inc and a consultant for PDS Biotechnology. KAW serves as an Associate Editor for Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. The authors declare that no other competing interests exist.