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Authors
Etienne, Tom W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-6593
Bennett, Neil V. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1960-8940
Markis-McLean, Lily
Furstein, Richard. A.
Kutiyski, Yordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0889-4232
van Lindert, Jeroen
Pasquier, Andrew C.
Moreda Laguna, Oscar
Thomeczek, Jan Philipp
Krouwel, Andre P. M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiteit van Amsterdam
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Competing interests
: Several authors are currently or have in the past been employed or affiliated with the Kieskompas - Election Compass research institute. Andre Krouwel and Jeroen van Lindert hold shares in the research institute.
