Lin, Xuhui
Lu, Qiuchen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-0901
Chen, Long https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-752X
Cheng, Jack Chin Pang
Yan, Jiayi
Hong, Jingke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-4167
Zhao, Pengjun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5373-5551
Funding for this research was provided by:
Royal Academy of Engineering (N/A)
Data & Analytics Facility for National Infrastructure
Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Competing interest
: The authors declare no competing interests.