Ouyang, Qianhong https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7756-7927
Meng, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-0485
Wang, Yafei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-5940
Zheng, Heran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-7933
Funding for this research was provided by:
Energy Economics Submission Fee Fund
China Scholarship Council (202406040180)
National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China
Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.