Chen, Ruijie
Hobbs, Benjamin F.
Lu, Zongxiang
Dvorkin, Yury
Qiao, Ying
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23B20111)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23B20111)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23B20111)
National Science Foundation (2330450)
National Science Foundation (2330450)
Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.